https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/https-wordpress-com-block-editor-post-thearchitectureprofessor-com-237/2022-12-28T17:07:34+00:00weekly0.6https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/10/10/8-4-roots-early-experiments-with-the-medieval-revival-the-rialto-vs-the-insurance-exchange/2022-08-09T14:53:50+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2022/01/01/happy-new-year/2022-01-06T00:50:36+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/acknowledgements/2021-12-31T15:40:26+00:00weekly0.6https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/10/07/welcome-to-the-chicago-school-of-architecture/2021-10-07T09:40:59+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/10/05/the-monadnocks-window-frames/2021-10-05T18:57:38+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/contents-1886-91/2021-10-01T10:15:33+00:00weekly0.6https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/10/01/2-9-the-temple-a-reappraisal/2021-10-01T10:14:50+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/09/24/2-5-the-masonic-temple-program/2021-09-30T23:44:05+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/09/28/2-8-the-design-of-the-exterior/2021-09-30T23:42:10+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/09/22/2-3-nearer-to-thee-the-masonic-temple/2021-09-28T18:52:20+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/09/25/2-6-the-masonic-rooms/2021-09-25T10:53:10+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/09/23/2-4-the-time-has-come-to-build-buffingtons-cloudscraper/2021-09-23T09:14:36+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/09/21/2-2-willard-hall/2021-09-21T10:47:39+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/09/20/chapter-2-1890-roots-last-year/2021-09-20T10:24:41+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/04/18/5-4-the-womens-temple-v-1-0/2021-09-18T23:09:03+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/05/18/3-6-how-the-fire-changed-chicagos-urban-structure/https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/12.jpg12State Street, ca. 1880.https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/11.jpg11Burling and Adler, Post-fire First Methodist Church Block, southeast corner of Clark and Washington, 1873. The congregation was required to maintain a church on this site by the contract of the owner who first donated the site to the congregation, or return it to his estate. Although there was no steeple, the sanctuary was placed in the top floor so that income-generating rental space could be built below it, an early example of the use of air rights. A steeple was finally erected in downtown Chicago in 1924 when this building was demolished to make way for a skyscraper, the Chicago Temple. The final irony in this story is that when completed, the Temple was Chicago’s tallest building from 1924-1930, when it was finally overshadowed by the new Board of Trade, designed by the son of John Wellborn Root, John Wellborn Root, Jr. (Root was also a member of the firm, Holabird and Roche that designed the Temple.)https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/10.jpg10Bird’s eye view of Chicago, 1874. The emerging new Adams Street corridor that will run from the Expo Center to the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne, and Chicago Station at Canal and Madison, that had survived the fire, The city hall is shown completed (which it will not be until eleven years into the future, and it sports a never-constructed spire which is easiest the tallest structure in the city.https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/9-2.jpg9James J. Egan, Post-Fire City Hall and Cook County Courthouse, 1878-85. Note that the architect has used the entire block for the building, leaving no open space that the Courthouse Square had once provided.https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/8-4.jpg8William A.Potter, U.S. Post Office and Customs House, 1877-1880. (Rand McNally View #3)https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/7-4.jpg7John M. Van Osdel, Post-Fire Temporary City Hall, the “Rookery,” 1872-1885. Southeast corner of La Salle and Adams. Built around the Waterworks Water Tank that had survived the 1871 Fire, the tank acted as storage for over 8,000 books that were sent by Queen Victoria and Great Britain in the aftermath of the fire. https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/6-2.jpg6W.W. Boyington, Post-Fire Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Station, 1872. Note the company’s name has been updated from the “Michigan Southern & Northern Indiana” to the Vanderbilt “Lake Shore & Michigan Southern.”https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/5-4.jpg5View east down Adams, from State Street, showing the central dome of the Expo Building terminating the vista, c. 1886. https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/4-5.jpg4W.W. Boyington, Inter-state Industrial Exposition Building, Chicago, 1873. https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/3-4.jpg3The Expanse of Land created in Lake (Grant) Park by the debris from the Fire.2021-09-17T23:33:57+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/09/16/1-7-augustus-saint-gaudens-and-his-diana/2021-09-18T10:04:58+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/09/16/1-6-madison-square-garden/2021-09-16T22:56:43+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/09/14/6-5-george-posts-latest-skyscrapers-the-new-york-world-building/2021-09-15T15:10:38+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/09/10/6-3-hunt-and-the-francois-i-style/2021-09-14T10:48:15+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/09/08/volume-six-the-1892-worlds-fair-new-york-vs-chicago/2021-09-14T10:47:23+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/06/16/1-12-meanwhile-back-in-the-east/2021-09-08T19:04:53+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/06/15/1-9-la-querelle-des-anciens-et-des-modernes-comes-to-american-architecture/2021-09-07T23:42:40+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/09/01/4-15-the-chicago-hotel-the-continuous-skin-v-3-0/2021-09-02T12:25:49+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/08/28/4-14-all-in-the-family-the-caxton-and-the-pontiac-buildings/2021-08-30T13:04:44+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/06/30/6-15-shillitos-structure-part-2/https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/img_9732.jpgIMG_9732https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/img_9731.jpgIMG_9731Hannaford and Proctor, Music Hall, Cincinnati, 1877. 2021-08-30T01:47:57+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/06/29/6-14-the-use-of-iron-framing-in-shillitos/https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/6-6.jpg6McLaughlin, Shillito's Store, Interior Atrium.2021-08-30T01:46:25+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/06/28/6-13-james-mclaughlins-1877-shillitos-department-store/2021-08-30T01:44:43+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/06/28/6-12-karl-friedrich-schinkel-and-the-bauakademie/2021-08-30T01:41:12+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/08/24/4-12-the-structure-of-the-monadnock/2021-08-24T09:44:57+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/07/26/4-10-roots-final-design-of-the-monadnock/2021-08-23T23:37:14+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/07/06/3-8-roots-whitmans-sampler-the-rand-mcnally-building/2021-08-23T19:57:45+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/06/23/6-8-the-cincinnati-music-hall/2021-08-22T00:12:19+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/06/21/6-6-fountain-square-and-the-genius-of-water/https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/5-5.jpg5Boyington, Inter-state Industrial Exposition Building, Interior.https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/4-7.jpg4W.W. Boyington, Interstate Industrial Exposition Center, Chicago, 1873.https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/2-8.jpg2Ferdinand and Fritz von Miller, Tyler Davidson Fountain, “The Genius of Water,” Cincinnati, 1871.https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/1-7.jpg1Fountain Square, Cincinnati, 1871-1970.2021-08-22T00:09:06+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/06/20/6-3-maria-longworth-nichols-plans-the-first-may-festival/2021-08-22T00:06:26+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/06/17/5-14-furness-the-master-mason-the-centennial-bank/https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/5.1.png5.1Frank Furness, Left: Provident Life & Trust, Philadelphia, 1879; Right: National Bank of the Republic, Philadelphia, 1883.https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/8.png8Left: Burnham and Root, Insurance Exchange Building, Chicago, 1884; Right top: Thomas Hockley House, Philadelphia, 1875. Right bottom: Centennial Bank, Philadelphia, 1873. Note the brick corbels in the cornice, as well as how Root carries the raked horizontal joints around the corner of the turret, similar to how Furness carried the joints around the corner corbels.https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/7.png7Left: Frank Furness, Drawings of a Turk’s-Cap Lily in his sketchbook; Right: Louis Sullivan, Fresco Design, 1875.https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/6.png6Left: Frank Furness, Detail from Pennsylvania Academy of Art; Right: Louis Sullivan, Fresco Design, 1874. https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/5.png5Furness and Hewitt, Brick details. Clockwise from upper left:Thomas Hockley House, Philadelphia, 1875; Pennsylvania Institute for the Deaf and Dumb, 1874; Bottom two: Centennial National Bank, 1876.https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/4-4.jpg4Furness and Hewitt, Pennsylvania Academy of Art. Brick details. I also truly enjoy the keystone in each of the arches because it has been detailed to extend beyond the extrados (the outer profile of the arch) so that it can engage the adjacent stoen lintel.https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/3-5.jpg3Furness and Hewitt, Armory for Philadelphia First City Troop, Philadelphia, 1874. https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/2-5.jpg2Furness and Hewitt, Guarantee Trust and Safe Deposit Company, Philadelphia, 1874. Once again, Furness places a center column under the entrance arch, albeit this time it supports secondary arches under the main span. The “unique” Néo-Grec form is the hour-glass shaped void/lintel where the clocks are located, that results from the angled skewback and a mirror image under it. The polychromy is restored in the arches’ voissoirs, although limited to the keystone and impost blocks.https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/1.png1Furness and Hewitt, Centennial National Bank, Philadelphia, 1876.2021-08-22T00:00:13+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/06/15/5-13-the-pennsylvania-academy-of-fine-arts/https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/10.jpg10Furness and Hewitt, Pennsylvania Academy of Art. Second Floor Gallery. Note the exposed iron beams. While Viollet-le-Duc was calling for the use and expression of iron in architecture, the urban holocausts of Chicago (1871) and Boston (1872) that will argue against the use of unprotected iron had not occurred when the building was being designed. Enjoy the sight of unprotected iron beams, they will soon disappear from sight (fireproofed) in American buildings for the next 100 years.https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/9.jpg9Viollet-le-Duc, Masonry, Market Hall, Published in Entretiens sur l'Architecture, 1863. https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/8.jpg8Furness and Hewitt, Pennsylvania Academy of Art. Main Staircase at Second Floor. The tapered-profile arches and doubled columns are typical of Furness.https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/7.jpg7Viollet-le-Duc, design for a 46-meter span polyhedral vaulted hall, employing iron and stone. Published in Entretiens sur l'Architecture, 1863.https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/6-1.jpg6Furness and Hewitt, Pennsylvania Academy of Art. Second level. Note the use of dwarf columns and column collars, again revealing the influence of Viollet-le-Duc. Also note his signature motifs of doubled columns and the tapered section pointed arches.https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/5-2.jpg5Viollet-le-Duc, Palais des Papes, project for large chapel with vaults for the Great Audience, Avignon, Vaucluse, France.https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/4-3.jpg4Furness and Hewitt, Pennsylvania Academy of Art. Main Stairway. Note the use of corbels and collars at the midsection of the columns, indicating the influence of Viollet-le-Duc.https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/3-4.jpg3Furness and Hewitt, Pennsylvania Academy of Art, Broad Street Entry. Note the redundant column located under the center of the arch and the doubled columns in the second range.https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/2-4.jpg2Hector Lefuel (with Richard Morris Hunt), Pavillion de la Bibliothèque, Palais du Louvre, Paris, 1854.https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/1-4.jpg1Furness and Hewitt, Pennsylvania Academy of Art. The range of material colors in the Braod Street elevation. Note the iconic tapered-profile pointed arches and the doubled columns. Missing form the Synagogue design are the color-alternating vouissoirs that have been replaced with woven fabric-like gridwork of alternating planes of red brick and sandstone.2021-08-21T23:56:47+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/06/14/5-12-other-european-influences-on-furness/https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/4-2.jpg4John P. Gaynor and Daniel Badger, E.V. Haughwout Building, New York, 1857.https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/3-3.jpg3Eugène-Emmanuel Viollet-le-Duc, Entretiens sur l'architecture, volume I, 1863. Apartment building with iron corbels and ceramic tile facade.https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/2-3.jpg2Eugène-Emmanuel Viollet-le-Duc, Perspective Section of a Gothic Cathedral.https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/1-3.jpg1Furness and Hewitt, Centennial Bank, Philadelphia, 1873. Interior details.2021-08-21T23:53:27+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/07/22/4-7-roots-skeleton-framed-monadnock-design/2021-08-21T17:05:49+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/08/20/4-11-why-root-wanted-to-use-color/2021-08-20T19:04:15+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/06/13/5-9-understanding-the-influences-on-frank-furness/2021-08-19T10:59:41+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/06/13/5-8-the-mark-twain-of-american-architecture-frank-furness/https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/img_9303.jpgIMG_9303Fraser, Furness and Hewitt, Rodef Shalom Synagogue, Philadelphia, 1869. The alternating colored voussours from Mould’s All-Saints. The tapered-profile arches and the doubled, overstructured columns at the entrance will become trademark motifs of Furness.https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/img_9302.jpgIMG_9302Jacob Wrey Mould, All Soul’s Parsonage, New York, 1855. Mould continued using the alternating bands of color. Note the church’s dome at the upper right.https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/img_9301.jpgIMG_9301Richard Morris Hunt, 10th Street “Studio Building,” New York, 1857. 2021-08-19T10:51:52+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/06/12/5-6-the-statue-of-liberty-v-1-0/https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/b.jpgBChristopher Dresser, Principles of Decorative Design, 1873. Cover page and images.https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/a.jpgA2021-08-19T10:44:25+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/12/19/10-11-the-art-of-pure-color-the-shadow-of-owen-jones/2021-08-18T14:01:13+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/06/09/5-4-a-new-city-hall-the-tallest-building-in-the-world/https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/img_9232.jpgIMG_9232George Gilbert Scott, St. Nikolai Kirche (483’), Hamburg, 1846-74.https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/img_9228.jpgIMG_9228Robert Mills, Washington Monument, 1836. How it appeared between 1854 when construction was stopped, until 1880, when it was resumed.https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/img_9225.jpgIMG_9225Rouen Cathedral and its Lantern Tower (495’), 1876. The tallest building in the world, 1876-1880. The right tower, known as the “Butter Tower,” was the precedent used by Raymond Hood in the design of the Chicago Tribune building.https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/img_9224.jpgIMG_9224Cologne Cathedral (515’) completed 1880. The tallest building in the world, 1880-1884.https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/img_9222.jpgIMG_9222Strasbourg Cathedral, 1015-1439. The tallest building (466’) in the world, 1647-1874.https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/img_9221.jpgIMG_9221The Washington Monument as the tallest structure in the world, 1884. To the left of the Washington Monument, #34 is Cologne Cathedral. To the right, #42 is the spire of Lincoln Cathedral, destroyed in 1549.https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/img_9219.jpgIMG_9219McArthur, Philadelphia City Hall. First floor plan. Can you find the 22’ thick walls of the tower?https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/img_9218.jpgIMG_9218John McArthur, Philadelphia City Hall, 1871.2021-08-17T10:37:42+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/06/08/chapter-5-philadelphia-red-brick-the-1876-worlds-fair-and-frank-furness/https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/img_9215.jpgIMG_9215George H. Corliss, The gigantic Corliss steam engines, 1876 Centennial Exhibition, Philadelphia. Chicago industrialist George Pullman will buy this engine and reinstall it in his Pullman Palace Car Works factory in his new town of Pullman, IL. 2021-08-17T10:24:27+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/05/30/4-6-peter-b-wight-solves-the-fire-problem-of-iron-framing/https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/111.jpg111John M. Van Osdel, Post-Fire Kendall Building, Chicago, 1872. The mansard roof was eliminated in the post-fire version.https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/33.jpg33George H. Johnson, Hollow Floor Tiles for the Kendall Building, Chicago, 1872. In a 1897 article, Wight showed this Kreischer-patented system as an example of not only the Kendall Building, but also the New York Post Office and the St. Louis SInger Manufacturing Co. Building.https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/img_9158.jpgIMG_9158William H. Drake and Peter B. Wight, Patented Wood Encasing Fireproofing System for Iron Columns, Chicago, 1874. https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/img_9156.jpgIMG_9156Vicent Garcin, Patented Hollow Floor Tile, Paris, 1867. Note the projections on the bottom of the tiles, offering some shear resistance to slippage. https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/img_9153.jpgIMG_9153George H. Johnson and Balthazar Kreischer, Patented Hollow Floor Tile, New York, 1871. Note the piece rendered as wood dovetailed under the lower flanges. https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/img_9151.jpgIMG_9151Balthazar Kreischer, Patented Hollow Floor Tile, New York, 1871. The only difference with the Johnson/Kreischer patent of the same day is the segmental nature of the system.https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/img_9149.jpgIMG_9149Frederick A. Peterson, Patented Hollow Floor TIle Used in the Cooper Union, New York, 1855. Note that he has located the underside of the tilles below the bottom flange, thereby creating a void that was filled with cement coating to protect it from fire.https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/img_9148.jpgIMG_9148George H. Johnson, Patented Hollow Tile System for Grain Bins, 1869. Note the terracotta clamp tying two blocks together for added strength. These were covered over by the next course.2021-08-17T10:22:33+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/05/26/4-5-the-chicago-fire-of-july-14-1874-and-the-cancellation-of-all-fire-insurance/2021-08-17T10:21:27+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/05/24/3-10-wight-brings-root-to-chicago/https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/img_9088.jpgIMG_9088John B. Snook, Grand Central Depot, New York, 1869. Construction of the Trainshed. John W. Root was Snook’s construction superintedent for this project.https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/img_9087.jpgIMG_9087Daniel Burnham and John Wellborn Root in their office, top floor of the Rookery.2021-08-17T10:20:20+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/05/24/3-9-cornelius-vanderbilt-moves-into-railroads/https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/img_9085.jpgIMG_9085George Gilbert Scott, Midland Hotel, in front of St. Pancras Station, London, 1865.https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/img_9086.jpgIMG_9086Boyington, La Salle Street Station Trainshed, Chicago, 1867. The wood and iron trusses clearspanned the 160' wide space, that was 542' long.https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/661-1.jpg6616 W.W. Boyington, La Salle Street Station, Chicago, 1867.2021-08-17T10:17:50+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/05/12/2-9-william-le-baron-jenneys-professional-education-in-france/https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/6-1.jpg6Gustave Courbet, A Burial at Ornans, 1849-50, oil on canvas.https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/5-2.jpg5James Abbott McNeill Whister, Portrait of Whistler with Hat, 1858.https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/4-3.jpg4Louis Charles Mary, Cours d’architecture, 1852. Examples of geometric planning and Papier Quadrillé planning. (Graffiti added by student.)https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/3-1.jpg3Louis Charles Mary, Cours d’architecture, 1852. Iron work and hollow tile construction, c. 1835. https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/2-1.jpg2Jean-Nicholas-Louis Durand, Precis des leçons d’architecture données à l’École royale Polytechnique, “Whole Buildings,” 1802.https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/1.jpg12021-08-17T10:15:59+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/05/05/1-11-sectional-differences-in-professional-practice-the-western-association-of-architects/https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/55-1.jpg55John Wellborn Root, Preliminary study for the Fine Arts Building for the Fair that would then become a new building for the Art Institute, 1890.2021-08-17T10:04:58+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/05/03/1-9-misinterpretations-of-the-chicago-school/https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/monad.jpgMonadHolabird & Roche, Monadnock Block, South Addition, 1893.https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/16b.jpg16bBurnham and Root, Monadnock Block, 1889. Note that this version shows six bay windows as it was drawn before Shepherd Brooks decided not to build on the last 75’ of property.https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/1.jpeg1Burnham and Root, Monadnock Block, 1889. Note that this version shows six bay windows as it was drawn before Shepherd Brooks decided not to build on the last 75’ of property.2021-08-17T10:01:20+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/05/01/1-7-an-american-architecture-in-the-last-quarter-of-the-19th-century/2021-08-17T09:57:58+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/04/19/1-2-as-a-mainstream-movement-1877-1892/2021-08-17T09:53:06+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/07/23/4-8-the-reliance-building-the-monadnocks-twin/2021-08-16T12:24:32+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/06/01/5-12-ornamenting-the-theater-house/2021-08-15T18:03:49+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/07/24/4-9-the-art-of-the-wall-the-1st-regimental-armory/2021-07-24T09:48:55+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/07/21/4-6-where-was-roots-head-in-june-1889/2021-07-23T11:43:41+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/07/09/3-9-field-vs-leiter-round-two-the-second-leiter-building/2021-07-20T23:27:57+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/07/16/4-2-the-manhattan-building-the-skeleton-frame/2021-07-20T17:57:00+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/07/20/4-5-developments-may-1886-may-1889/2021-07-20T10:36:35+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/07/19/4-4-review-the-early-history-of-the-monadnock-block/2021-07-19T09:55:12+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/06/19/2-2-the-santa-fe-railroad-comes-to-the-dearborn-street-station/2021-07-19T00:29:03+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/11/09/8-23-premature-expectations-the-monadnock-block-v-1-0/2021-07-17T20:30:05+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/07/17/4-3-jenneys-design-for-the-manhattan-building/2021-07-17T09:58:09+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/07/14/chapter-4-the-fullfilment-of-dearborn/2021-07-15T23:44:11+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/contents-1880/2021-07-13T15:45:56+00:00weekly0.6https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/07/11/3-10-jenneys-design-for-the-second-leiter-building/2021-07-11T10:19:07+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/01/22/11-9-root-designs-the-exterior/2021-07-03T18:09:06+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/06/20/chapter-three-the-iron-frame-makes-its-chicago-appearance/2021-07-03T14:34:01+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/06/23/3-2-the-tacoma-building-wirt-d-walker/2021-07-03T14:27:51+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/07/01/3-7-the-chamber-of-commerce-building/2021-07-03T14:27:24+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/07/21/2-13-commodity-the-role-of-bay-windows-and-awnings/2021-07-03T14:09:50+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/06/29/3-6-the-tacoma-building-the-final-design/2021-07-03T09:57:33+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/06/24/3-3-the-tacoma-building-george-fuller/2021-07-02T18:16:26+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/06/28/3-5-the-tacoma-building-holabird-roche/2021-06-28T23:55:08+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/06/27/3-4-the-tacoma-building-the-bay-window/2021-06-27T21:52:12+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/06/18/chapter-two-real-estate-investment-returns-to-chicago/2021-06-19T20:30:47+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/06/09/1-3-the-technical-issues-of-the-iron-framed-skyscraper-fireproofing/2021-06-16T15:57:07+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/05/14/2-11-jenneys-principles-and-practice-of-architecture-1869/https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/10.jpeg10Owen Jones, The Grammar of Ornament, 1856. “Proposition Ten.” Jones recommended achieving harmony in a new ornamental system by “the propering balancing , and contrast of, the straight, the angular, and the curved.”https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/9.jpg9Sanford Loring and William Le Baron Jenney, Principles and Practice of Architecture, 1869. Advertisement for Chicago Terra-Cotta. Loring will terminate his partnership with Jeney at the end of the year in order to be able to work full-time at improving this product for architectural uses. CTC will become the leading manufacturer of terra cotta in the U.S.https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/8-2.jpg8https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/7-2.jpg7https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/2-2.jpg2Sanford Loring and William Le Baron Jenney, Principles and Practice of Architecture, 1869. Note that Jenney has included the fact that he is a graduate of the École Centralehttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/1.png12021-06-16T15:30:33+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/06/15/1-11-six-techniques-of-skyscraper-expression/2021-06-15T23:01:00+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/06/13/1-6-the-demise-of-the-arch/2021-06-14T16:42:13+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/06/11/1-5-summarizing-the-romanesque-revival/2021-06-14T16:27:10+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/06/09/volume-five-the-chicago-school-part-two-1888-1891/2021-06-14T16:25:52+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/06/14/1-7-what-makes-a-chicago-school-building/2021-06-14T15:37:19+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/04/21/4-the-two-variables-of-the-chicago-school-ornament-and-architectural-expression/2021-06-12T20:03:56+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/07/02/volume-iii-the-chicago-school-1879-1891/https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/z.jpgzW.W. Boyington, Water Tower and Water Works, lakefront at Chicago Avenue, 1865.https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/x.jpgxW. W. Boyington, First Universalist Society's St. Paul's Church, Northwest corner of Wabash and Van Buren, 1856.https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/d-1.jpgdPeter B. Wight, Porous Terra Cotta Ceiling Tiles for Wooden Construction, Chicago, 1878.2021-06-11T14:55:16+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/06/03/6-5-mission-accomplished-opening-night/2021-06-08T18:05:03+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/06/07/6-7-postscript-the-life-of-the-auditorium/2021-06-08T18:04:16+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/02/15/volume-iv-the-chicago-school-part-2-1886-1891/2021-06-05T15:17:15+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/06/05/6-6-detailing-the-interior-of-the-hotel/2021-06-07T03:30:15+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/05/27/5-9-programming-the-auditorium-the-office-floors/2021-06-02T20:57:37+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/05/29/5-11-completing-the-auditorium-theaters-interior/2021-06-02T20:57:16+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/01/07/10-23-sullivans-ornament-spreads-to-the-exterior/2021-05-30T21:22:17+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/03/19/2-15-adlers-design-of-the-theater-house/2021-05-29T14:30:09+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/04/22/5-5-sullivans-final-exterior-design-of-the-auditorium/2021-05-29T14:18:51+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/04/26/5-8-tabula-rasa-the-walker-warehouse/2021-05-27T00:14:41+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/bibliography/2021-05-04T19:23:43+00:00weekly0.6https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/11/05/8-21-root-gets-the-arcade-right-the-mccormick-building/2021-05-03T21:42:30+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/11/03/8-20-root-channels-his-inner-george-post-again-the-phoenix-building/2021-05-03T21:41:24+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/10/24/8-14-the-skyscraper-and-iron-skeleton-framing-in-1884/2021-05-03T21:38:24+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/10/08/chapter-eight-1884-the-rise-of-chicago/2021-05-03T21:33:19+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/11/01/8-18-the-maller-building-the-first-twelve-story-skyscraper/2021-05-03T21:29:14+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/02/05/11-20-the-field-wholesale-store-v-1-0/2021-04-29T20:07:06+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/02/07/11-21-give-the-client-what-he-wants/2021-04-26T15:54:31+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/04/15/5-2-medieval-revival-the-cleveland-society-for-savings-bank/2023-03-25T21:49:53+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/01/15/11-2-marshall-field-brings-in-h-h-richardson/2021-04-25T21:25:06+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/07/12/1-18-burnham-and-root-in-the-beginning/https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/b-1.jpgBBurnham and Root, Entry Gate to Union Stockyards, 1876. The influence of Frank Furness, following a possible trip to the 1876 World’s Fair is evident in the corbelled window frame to the left, and the framed segmental arched portals to either side of the main gate.https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/a-1.jpgABurnham and Root, John B. Sherman House, Chicago, 1874. Southwest corner of Prairie Avenue and 21st Street. 2021-04-24T20:15:04+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/04/24/5-6-sullivans-first-box-the-standard-club/2021-04-24T12:26:30+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/12/30/10-19-art-nouveau-the-1885-opera-festival/2021-04-23T21:10:55+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/12/18/10-10-upgrading-chicagos-theaters-adler-and-sullivan/2021-04-23T20:38:52+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/01/02/10-21-let-there-be-light-and-color-sullivans-interior-for-mcvickers-theater/2021-04-23T20:38:08+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/03/09/2-9-the-third-design-by-william-ware/2021-04-23T20:37:22+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/03/12/2-11-one-year-after-haymarket-turning-brick-into-stone-design-4-2/2021-04-23T18:59:53+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/03/11/2-10-design-development-the-foundations/2021-04-23T18:59:24+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/03/08/2-8-playing-for-time-william-ware-is-invited-to-review-the-designs/2021-04-23T18:58:48+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/03/07/2-6-the-fight-over-the-choice-of-an-architect/2021-04-23T18:58:24+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/03/06/2-4-programming-the-auditorium-the-hotel/2021-04-23T18:57:51+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/03/05/chapter-2-planning-the-auditorium/2021-04-23T18:57:17+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/04/14/chapter-5-root-and-sullivan-during-the-1886-88-slowdown/2021-04-20T15:41:32+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/09/28/7-11-boyingtons-royal-insurance-building/2021-04-19T18:44:14+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/04/16/5-3-root-finds-his-color-designer-william-pretyman/2021-04-16T16:51:21+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/04/08/4-4-act-three-the-1888-conventions/2021-04-13T18:07:27+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/04/13/4-9-the-finale-day-two/2021-04-13T10:27:02+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/04/12/4-8-the-finale-day-one-the-evening-session/2021-04-12T09:32:49+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/04/11/4-7-the-finale-the-1889-cincinnati-consolidation-convention-day-one/2021-04-11T10:14:44+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/04/03/3-16-the-northwestern-guaranty-building/2022-01-19T15:08:30+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/04/09/4-6-the-a-i-a-tries-to-back-out/2021-04-09T10:18:41+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/04/07/chapter-4-the-new-and-improved-aia-same-name-new-rules/2021-04-07T10:29:25+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/04/06/3-18-the-fabrication-of-the-big-lie-the-home-insurance-building/2021-04-06T09:26:04+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/12/04/9-6-the-formation-of-the-illinois-state-association-of-architects/2021-04-05T19:58:39+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/04/05/3-17-the-tragic-history-of-buffingtons-patent/2021-04-05T10:13:37+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/04/01/3-14-the-twin-cities-overtake-chicago/2021-04-01T09:08:51+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/03/30/3-13-buffingtons-cloudscraper/2021-03-31T18:01:59+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/03/21/chapter-3-developing-the-american-iron-skeleton-frame/2021-03-29T18:50:17+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/03/24/3-7-frances-bid-to-recapture-the-tallest-building-record-eiffels-300-meter-tower/2021-03-29T18:47:38+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/03/28/3-11-eiffel-begins-construction/2021-03-29T10:00:30+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/03/25/3-9-early-designs-for-the-300-m-tower/2021-03-25T12:10:08+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/03/22/3-4-eiffels-statue-of-liberty/2021-03-22T19:55:58+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/07/07/1-11-jenneys-structure-of-the-leiter-building/2021-03-22T18:49:24+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/10/20/8-12-the-opera-house-block/https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/img_1428-2.jpgIMG_14282021-03-21T19:16:36+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/09/11/6-7-roots-first-masterpiece-the-chicago-burlington-and-quincy-headquarters/https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/img_0946.jpgIMG_0946Comparison of Root's detailing at the intermediate floors with that of Stpehn Hatch in the Boreel Building, New York, 1879. Also note the similarities in the Entrance design. (Author's collection)https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/img_0942.jpgIMG_0942Burnham & Root, Burlington Building, Atrium. (Hoffmann, Meanings) https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/img_0943.jpgIMG_0943Burnham and Root, Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad Building, Chicago, 1881. (Hoffmann, Root)https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/img_0938.jpgIMG_0938View down Adams Street from the Bridge, looking east to the Exposition Center. (Andreas, Chicago) https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/img_0937.jpgIMG_0937View east down Adams, from State Street, showing the central dome of the Expo Building terminating the vista, with the Pullman Building to its right, c. 1886. (Gilbert, Chicago)https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/img_0940.jpgIMG_0940W.W. Boyington, Union Station, Canal at Adams Streets, 1880. (Online)https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/img_0941.jpgIMG_0941W.W. Boyington, Chicago & Northwestern Station, Wells Street, 1880. (Young, Iron Horse)2021-03-21T18:51:15+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/03/15/2-13-st-louis-and-cincinnati-make-their-bids-for-the-conventions/2021-03-21T00:29:03+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/03/02/1-13-modern-american-the-first-iron-framed-glass-box/2021-03-20T10:24:13+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/02/26/1-10-leroy-s-buffington-minnesotas-leading-architect/2021-03-13T00:57:25+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/01/19/11-7-bemans-studebaker-building/2021-03-05T00:51:19+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/03/01/1-12-dueling-skyscrapers/2021-03-03T15:27:42+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/02/28/1-11-hotel-vs-hotel/2021-03-03T15:25:25+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/03/03/1-14-dueling-skyscrapers-st-paul/2021-03-03T12:02:22+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/02/18/1-5-the-midland-hotel-the-little-rookery/2021-03-02T11:32:36+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/09/21/7-7-the-design-of-a-building-on-a-corner-lot-the-counselman-building/https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/img_1118.jpgIMG_1118Burnham & Root, Counselman Building. (Inland Architect, April 1884)2021-02-27T20:20:16+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/02/21/1-6-the-kansas-city-board-of-trade-third-times-the-charm/2021-02-27T01:19:07+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/09/10/6-6-root-encounters-the-reality-of-the-accountant-the-montauk-block/2021-02-27T00:52:29+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/09/06/6-3-the-grannis-block/2021-02-27T00:44:22+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/08/05/part-b-the-exterior-structure-the-brick-bearing-wall/2021-02-26T20:52:19+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/08/14/4-5-the-variables-how-to-articulate-the-surface-of-a-wall/https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/img_0487.jpgIMG_0487 George Post, Produce Exchange, New York, 1881. Detail of arcaded elevation. Note how he respects the integrity of each arch: the lower arches have triple windows, the upper arches have one semicircular piece of glass. (Andrews, New York) https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/img_0477.jpgIMG_0477Trench & Snook, A.T. Stewart's "Marble Palace" Department Store, New York, 1845. (Landau and Condit, New York)https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/img_0480.jpgIMG_0480George Post, Proposed Design for the Marine Bank, New York, c. 1874. (Landau and Condit, New York Skyscraper) https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/img_0479.jpgIMG_0479George Post, Mills Building, New York, 1880. (Landau and Condit, New York)https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/img_0476.jpgIMG_0476Giuliano da Sangallo the Younger, Palazzo Strozzi, Florence, 1489. (Online) https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/img_0478.jpgIMG_0478United States Hotel, New York, 1832. (Landau and Condit, New York) 2021-02-25T14:53:44+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/02/25/1-9-minneapolis-st-paul-twin-threats/2021-02-25T11:05:28+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/02/08/11-22-the-field-wholesale-store-v-2-0/2021-02-24T01:16:44+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/02/23/1-8-the-american-national-bank-building/2021-02-24T00:32:10+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/02/22/1-7-the-kansas-city-board-of-trade-details/2021-02-23T19:48:34+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/01/30/11-14-burnham-and-roots-eye-on-chicago/2021-02-20T22:46:22+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/02/16/1-3-the-railroad-giveth-and-the-railroad-taketh-manifest-destiny-moves-on/2021-02-18T14:16:13+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/02/11/11-24-how-richardson-and-root-influenced-each-others-later-designs/2021-02-14T15:21:30+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/02/09/11-23-the-field-store-floor-plan-and-construction/2021-02-09T13:06:42+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/09/17/7-3-boyingtons-board-of-trade/https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/img_1104.jpgIMG_1104Boyington, Chicago Board of Trade. Rear elevation of Office Building. Note the brightness of the white glazed bricks used on the south elevation (far left) even stands out, compared to the stone used in the south side of the building's tower, in this old black and white photograph. (Chicagology.com))https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/img_1103.jpgIMG_1103Burnham & Root, Calumet Building. View from the north. Beyond is the Home Insurance Building (after it has had two floors added, and then at the far right is the Rookery. (Chicagology.com)https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/img_1036.jpgIMG_1036Boyington, Chicago Board of Trade. Note the second skylight over the atrium above the Trading Floor. (Rand McNally, View #1)2021-02-07T00:04:50+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/09/20/7-6-burnham-and-root-in-1882-the-calumet-building/2022-04-08T01:22:55+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/02/04/11-19-richardson-brings-his-picturesque-rooflines-to-chicago/2021-02-05T18:53:43+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/09/23/7-8-george-pullman-brings-s-s-beman-to-chicago/2023-01-02T15:43:31+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/09/30/7-14-redemption-burnham-root-are-given-the-rialto-building/2021-02-05T01:16:02+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/02/02/11-15-richardsons-work-prior-to-coming-to-chicago/2021-02-04T15:06:41+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/02/03/11-17-richardson-eliminates-horizontal-layering-from-his-last-designs/2021-02-04T15:05:39+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/01/29/11-13-roots-choreography-through-the-atrium/2021-01-31T14:13:58+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/01/21/11-8-planning-the-rookery/2021-01-29T15:39:20+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/01/28/11-12-constructing-the-rookery/2021-01-29T00:33:14+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/01/24/11-10-root-designs-the-exterior-continued/2021-01-28T14:54:07+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/01/17/11-4-chicago-vs-cincinnati-round-5-the-cincinnati-chamber-of-commerce/2021-01-28T01:08:39+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/10/02/7-15-developments-along-dearborn-1883/https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/1883edbke.jpg1883Edbke2021-01-28T01:01:55+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/10/19/8-9-the-chicago-opera-house/2021-01-26T01:04:49+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/10/23/8-13-the-home-insurance-building/2021-01-26T01:04:06+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/01/25/11-11-the-rookery-v-2-0/2021-01-25T13:24:47+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/01/18/11-5-chicago-vs-cincinnati-round-6-the-cincinnati-art-museum/2021-01-18T18:47:52+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/12/22/10-14-jones-efforts-to-produce-a-modern-architecture/2021-01-16T00:19:09+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/06/19/chapter-6-cincinnati-renaissance-the-paris-of-america/https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/7-1.jpg7Cincinnati Industrial Exposition Buildings. 1870. With the addition of a Power Hall, a Fine Arts Hall, and a Mechanics Hall, the center had a combined convention area of 838,000 sq. ft., the largest such complex in the country.https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/6-2.jpg6Saengerfest-Halle, Cincinnati. Interior. Its capacity was 12,000.https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/5-3.jpg5Saengerfest-Halle, Cincinnati, 1870. Erected for the 1870 Saengerfestfest Convention, it was a wooden auditorium with a metal roof, having dimensions of 110’ wide and 250’ long.https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/4-5.jpg4Cincinnati’s Industrial Expostion grounds, 1873. With over 338,000 square feet under roof, it was the largest facility of its kind in the U.S. at this time.https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/3-7.jpg3https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/2-6.jpg2C. Shaler Smith, Cincinnati Southern Railraod “High Bridge” over the Kentucky River, 1875-7. Roebling had been hired to design a suspension bridge in 1854 (note the completed stone towers at each end) but the panic of 1857 stopped the project, until the post-war railroad renewed the project. When it was completed, it was the first modern cantilever bridge in the U.S., the longest cantilevered bridge in the world, and the world’s highest railroad bridge (275’ only 6’ shorter than New York’s 281’steeple of Trinity Church). At the time of its completion, Gustave Eiffel was erecting the Maria Pia Bridge in Portugal. Its iron piers are only 200’ tall.https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/1-5.jpg1John Roebling, Suspension Bridge over the Ohio River, Cincinnati, 1856-1866.2021-01-15T17:36:09+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/01/13/11-1-root-perfects-the-iron-reinforced-concrete-foundation/2021-01-13T11:18:24+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2021/01/12/chapter-11-root-and-richardson-east-meets-west-may-1-1885-may-1-1886/2021-01-12T19:05:22+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/05/11/2-7-peter-bonnett-wight-adopts-british-design-reform-theory/2021-01-03T10:33:12+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/12/29/10-15-jones-ideas-come-to-chicago/2021-01-01T18:48:13+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/12/21/10-12-owen-jones-and-islamic-polychromy/2021-01-01T18:36:31+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/05/07/chap-2-jenney-and-wight-bring-european-modern-theory-to-chicago/https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/img_8759.jpgIMG_8759Richard Upjohn, Trinity Church, New York, 1839.https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/img_8760.jpgIMG_8760Jacob Wrey Mould, All Soul’s Church, New York, 1855.https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/img_8758.jpgIMG_8758Owen Jones, The Grammar of Ornament, 1856.https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/img_8757.jpgIMG_8757John Everett Millais, Ophelia, 1851-2.https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/img_8762.jpgIMG_8762The Crayon, First Edition, Jan. 8, 1855.https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/img_8755.jpgIMG_8755Calvert Vaux, Villas and Cottages, 1857.2020-12-31T12:21:42+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/12/31/10-20-the-day-the-grand-opening-of-the-board-of-trade-may-1-1885/2020-12-31T11:49:48+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/08/17/4-10-a-modern-american-ornament-via-the-grammar-of-ornament/https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/img_0568.jpgIMG_05682020-12-19T15:18:18+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/04/18/chapter-one-introduction/2020-12-18T20:09:09+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/09/03/chapter-6-the-first-chicago-skyscrapers/https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/img_0808.jpgIMG_0808Burnham & Root, House for Reginald De Koven, Chicago, 104 East Bellevue, 1888. (Hoffmann, Meanings2020-12-15T21:48:40+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/12/08/10-6-the-homecoming-of-americas-diva-adelina-patti/2020-12-14T20:45:22+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/11/14/8-26-the-brookses-admit-defeat-and-buy-city-hall/2020-12-10T11:48:49+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/07/10/1-14-william-h-vanderbilts-monopoly-and-the-dearborn-street-station/2020-12-09T12:03:58+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/12/07/10-4-mrs-astor-meet-mrs-vanderbilt/2020-12-07T11:32:37+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/12/06/chapter-10-culture-vs-socialism-the-theaters-of-adler-and-sullivan/2020-12-07T01:24:53+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/10/15/8-6-les-magiciens-du-fer-armand-moisant-and-gustave-eiffel/https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/img_1633.jpgIMG_1633https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/img_1631.jpgIMG_1631https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/img_1636.jpgIMG_1636Jules Saulnier and Armand Moisant, Menier Chocolate Factory, Noisel, 1869. (web)2020-12-05T18:06:10+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/07/30/3-11-field-leiter-is-again-burned-to-the-ground-november-14-1877/https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/jpeg-image-a2a980700de4-1.jpegJPEG image-A2A980700DE4-1Peter B. Wight, Porous Terra Cotta Ceiling Tiles for Wooden Construction, Chicago, 1878. Note that Wight has also opened an office in new York. (Inland Architect, February 1885)2020-12-05T12:20:26+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/11/13/8-25-13-years-later-the-end-of-using-wood-floor-structures-the-grannis-block-fire/2020-12-05T12:17:47+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/12/03/9-4-the-call-for-a-convention/2020-12-03T10:50:20+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/12/01/9-2-association-fever-hits-chicago-the-inland-architect/2020-12-03T01:09:10+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/12/02/9-3-irrelevancy-the-push-to-form-a-new-association-for-architects-in-the-west/2020-12-02T10:39:23+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/07/03/1-3-chicago-tries-to-woo-theodore-thomas-away-from-cincinnati/2020-11-29T20:06:45+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/05/26/4-4-the-1873-panic-grows-into-the-1874-depression/2020-11-29T20:03:25+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/11/02/8-19-leiter-has-the-last-laugh-marshall-fields-13-story-office-building-not/2020-11-18T15:02:44+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/07/05/1-4-the-great-1877-railroad-strike/2020-11-18T14:48:23+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/06/26/6-10-the-bon-marche-in-paris/2020-11-18T14:38:38+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/07/05/1-7-the-central-music-hall/2020-11-17T20:32:52+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/07/07/1-9-jenneys-riff-on-shillitos-the-first-leiter-building/https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/img_0187.jpgIMG_0187“Frame-construction,” Burnham and Root, Reliance Building, 1890, 1894. Doesn’t this look like a “cage”? (Online)https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/13.jpg13Jenney, First Leiter Building. Sectional Elevation of Ironwork in Monroe Street Facade. Note two details: first, the iron mullions are continuous, i.e., loadbearing to the foundation; and second, there are no iron sections in the masonry piers.https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/12.jpg12Jenney, First Leiter Building. Construction Detail of Masonry Spandrel and Pier. (I have never found any corroborating evidence that there were any iron girders in this building, as shown in this diagram.) https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/11.jpg11Jenney, First Leiter Building. First Floor Plan. Iron pilasters at the inside face of the Wells Street piers are circled.https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/8-1.jpg8James Bogardus, Santa Catalina Warehouse, Havana, 1858. The brick walls are built on the iron frame.https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/7-1.jpg7James Bogardus, McCullough Shot Tower, New York, 1855. https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/6-1.jpg6“Frame-construction,” Burnham and Root, Reliance Building, 1890, 1894. Doesn’t this look like a “cage”?https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/5-2.jpg5Charles Bage, Benyon, Bage, and Marshall Flax Mill, Shrewsbury, 1796. The cast iron columns support iron beams, forming a framework set within the masonry walls. A good example of “box-consruction.” https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/4-2.jpg4William Le Baron Jenney, Post-fire Portland Block, Chicago, 1872.https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/2-2.jpg2William Le Baron Jenney, First Leiter Building, Chicago, 1879. The two upper floors were added in 1888.2020-11-17T19:31:11+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/11/16/chapter-nine-western-self-awareness-the-inland-architect-and-the-w-a-a/2020-11-16T16:12:04+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/05/08/2-4-americans-discover-the-british-design-reform-movement/2020-11-15T01:18:44+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/11/12/8-24-the-thwarted-opening-of-dearborn/2020-11-12T15:20:16+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/11/07/8-22-the-first-real-use-of-exterior-iron-framing-the-walls-of-the-lightcourt/2020-11-08T15:21:07+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/06/01/4-7-sanford-loring-and-porous-terra-cotta/https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/5.jpg5Treat and Foltz, Chicago Club House, Chicago, 1875.https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/4.jpg4Peter B. Wight, Terra Cotta Fireproofed Iron Columns, Chicago, 1878. This was similar to the columns used in the Chicago Club House and the Mitchell Building, both built in 1875-76. The difference was the cross-section of the column, which was a cruciform. https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/3.jpg3Sanford E. Loring, Porous Terra Cotta Ceiling TIles, Chicago, 1874.https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/2.jpg2Joseph Gilbert, Corrugated Sheet iron Floor Arches, c. 1865.https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/1.jpg1Tubulated Plaster Casting Co. Flooring System, Chicago, 1872.2020-11-07T00:58:56+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/05/26/4-2-jay-cooke-and-the-crash-of-1873/2020-11-07T00:40:32+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/05/20/3-8-wight-interviews-john-wellborn-root/https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/1-1.png1John B. Snook, Grand Central Depot, New York, 1869. Trainshed. John W. Root was Snook’s construction superintendent for this project. (Online)https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/27.jpg27John B. Snook, Grand Central Depot, New York, 1869. Trainshed. John W. Root was Snook’s construction superintedent for this project. https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/26.jpg26John B. Snook, Grand Central Depot, New York, 1869.https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/25.jpg25Peter Ellis, 16 Cook Street. Influences on Root: The cantilevered, glass-enclosed spiral stair that Root would employ as his signature in such buildings as the Rialto (that had two of these), the Insurance Exchange, the Midland Hotel in Kansas City, and of course, The Rookery.https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/24.jpg24Peter Cook, 16 Cook Street.https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/23.jpg23Peter Ellis, Oriel Chambers. Influences on Root: Left: Bay or Oriel windows; Right: Glass and sheet iron curtain wall lining the Lightcourt.https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/22.jpg22Peter Ellis, Liverpool, Left: Oriel Chambers, 1864; Right: 16 Cook Street, 1866.https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/21.jpg21William Baker and Francis Sherman, Lime Street Station, Liverpool, 1867. When completed, its 200’ clearspan would be the largest span in the world.2020-11-07T00:31:23+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/05/16/chap-3-how-did-the-1871-fire-change-chicago/2020-11-07T00:26:33+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/05/15/2-12-wights-1869-a-i-a-paper-on-fireproof-construction/https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/3-2.jpg3Daniel D. Badger, Rolling Iron Shutters, Patented in 1842.https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/2-3.jpg2George H. Johnson and Daniel Badger, Grain Storage Building, New York and Philadelphia, 1860 and 1862. Elevation showing the cast iron front with brick infill panels. In New York as late as 1865, this type of building was called a Grain Storage Building as opposed to the Chicago term, Grain Elevator. https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/1-1.jpg1James Bogardus, Harper and Brothers Publishing Building, New York, 1854.2020-11-05T01:21:31+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/10/30/8-17-no-beam-no-frame-it-was-not-the-first-use-of-an-iron-skeleton-frame/2020-10-30T20:30:48+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/10/27/8-16-jenneys-structure-of-the-home-insurance-building/2020-10-27T09:36:30+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/04/29/1-5-american-mainstream-architecture-in-the-early-1880s/2020-10-25T22:28:01+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/08/25/5-12-after-the-second-empire-the-return-of-the-palazzo-box/https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/img_0726.jpgIMG_0726Peabody & Sterns, United Bank Building. Close-up of Brick Detailing. (American Architect, April 23, 1881) https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/img_0728.jpgIMG_0728Peabody & Sterns, United Bank Building. (Online) https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/img_0727.jpgIMG_0727Peabody & Sterns, United Bank Building, New York, 1880. Entrance. (American Architect, April 23, 1881) https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/img_0725.jpgIMG_0725https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/screen-shot-2020-08-23-at-11.56.01-am.pngScreen Shot 2020-08-23 at 11.56.01 AMHatch, Boreel Building. Reconstructed First Floor Plan. (Author's collection)2020-10-18T14:37:29+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/10/14/8-5-the-return-of-the-iron-frame-to-the-exterior/https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/img_1627.jpgIMG_1627View of gutted A.T. Stewart Store (Wanamaker's) after July 14, 1956 fire. Note that the iron girders frame into the cast iron exterior. No masonry walls were used as loadbearing piers. (Architectural Record, September 1956)2020-10-17T20:40:40+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/10/16/8-8-the-statue-of-liberty-v-2-0/https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/img_1633-1.jpgIMG_1633https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/img_1655.pngIMG_1655https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/img_1644.jpgIMG_1644Gustave Eiffel, Iron Structure of the Statue of Liberty, 1880. (Trachtenberg, Statue of Liberty) https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/img_1645.jpgIMG_1645Eiffel, Iron Structure of the Statue of Liberty, Paris, 1883. (Trachtenberg, Statue of Liberty) 2020-10-16T15:04:04+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/07/09/1-12-the-first-new-office-building-the-grannis-block/2020-10-12T18:45:05+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/09/26/7-9-the-anarchist-iwpa-and-the-chicago-idea/2020-10-12T18:26:07+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/09/08/6-3-the-original-plans-for-dearborn-via-the-new-chicago-and-western-indiana-station/2020-10-12T18:06:58+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/07/16/2-10-the-double-loaded-corridor-with-an-exterior-lightcourt/https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/img_0117.jpgIMG_0117Burnham and Root, The Rookery, Atrium.2020-10-12T17:38:10+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/07/14/2-7-commodity-the-atrium/https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/img_0016-2.jpgIMG_0016Reconstruction of House of Sallusti, Pompeii.https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/12-1.jpg12S.S. Beman, Pioneer Press Building. Atrium.https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/11-1.jpg11John P. Gaynor, Palace Hotel, San Francisco, 1871. The Grand Court.2020-10-12T17:31:29+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/09/14/chapter-seven-the-boom-along-la-salle-street/https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/img_0980.jpgIMG_0980La Salle Street Extension to the La Salle Street Station, 1874. La Salle has been extended to the Michigan Southern Station. Note the post-fire City Hall with its domed skylight providing light for the library located within the old cylindrical water tank, in the lower lefthand corner, above which is shown the Grand Pacific Hotel.2020-10-11T23:57:56+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/07/11/1-16-bryan-lathrop-brings-owen-aldis-to-chicago/https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/postofrmcn.jpgPostOfRMcNWilliam A.Potter, U.S. Post Office and Customs House, 1877-1880. (Rand McNally View #3)https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/img_0063-copy-1.jpgIMG_0063 copyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/img_0063-copy.jpgIMG_0063 copy2020-10-11T20:33:44+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/10/10/8-3-planning-the-move-from-the-rookery-to-the-new-cook-county-city-hall/https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/img_1594-1.jpgIMG_1594James J. Egan, Cook County/City Hall, 1875-84. (Rand McNally View #19)2020-10-11T20:07:06+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/10/04/7-16-the-influence-of-h-h-richardson-v-1-0/https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/img_1557-2.jpgIMG_1557H.H. Richardson, F.L. Ames Wholesale Store, Boston, 1882. Note how he varies the number of columns in the top arcade with a 6:1:4:1:6 rhythm. (Van Rensselaer, H.H. Richardson) https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/img_1430.jpgIMG_1430H.H. Richardson, F.L. Ames Building. Details. (American Architect, August 23, 1884)https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/img_1429.jpgIMG_1429Peabody & Sterans, R.H. White Store. Details. (American Architect, September 6, 1884)2020-10-10T21:13:07+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/09/29/7-13-an-architectural-janus/https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/img_1329.jpgIMG_1329https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/img_1328.jpgIMG_1328https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/img_1327.jpgIMG_1327https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/img_1316.jpgIMG_1316Boyington, Royal Insurance Building. Jackson Street Elevation. I have digitally removed a later addition from this postcard. (Online)https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/img_1317.jpgIMG_1317Boyington, Royal Insurance Building. Quincy Street elevation. (Inland Architect, Sept. 1884)2020-09-29T14:17:37+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/09/26/7-10-the-pullman-building/2021-03-01T04:56:06+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/08/19/chapter-5-contemporary-eastern-precedents-new-york-and-richardson/https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/img_0597.jpgIMG_0597Pont du Gard, Remoulins, France, 19 BC-50 AD. (Online)https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/img_0600.jpgIMG_0600Detlef Lienau, Noel and Saurel Building, New York, 1864. (JSAH, May 1952) https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/img_0593.jpgIMG_0593Richard Morris Hunt, Delaware and Hudson Canal Company (Coal and Iron Exchange) Building, New York, 1873. (Online)https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/img_0594.jpgIMG_0594Richard Morris Hunt, Delaware and Hudson Canal Company (Coal and Iron Exchange) Building, New York, 1873. Original design. (Landau and Condit, New York)2020-09-25T23:59:32+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/09/20/7-5-boyingtons-design-for-the-armour-kent-and-bensley-building/2020-09-20T10:46:59+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/09/18/7-4-constructing-and-deconstructing-the-board-of-trade/https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/img_1068.jpgIMG_1068Shepley, Rutan, & Coolidge, Redesigned Tower of Board of Trade, 1894. (Chicagology.com)2020-09-18T10:22:02+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/09/15/7-2-the-board-of-trade-competition/2020-09-16T14:43:23+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/biographies/2020-09-14T10:52:10+00:00weekly0.6https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/08/28/5-18-the-new-york-produce-exchange-posts-masterpeice/https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/pp.pngPP2020-09-10T18:12:56+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/09/04/6-2-roots-first-attempts-at-the-design-of-a-skyscraper/https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/img_0860-1.jpgIMG_0860Comparison of the number of 10+ story buildings erected between January 1881-December 1890 by Burnham & Root (18) and the other combined Chicago architects (15). (Author’s collection)2020-09-05T16:33:19+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/08/27/5-18-the-mills-building-the-first-modern-office-building/https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/img_0723.jpgIMG_0723George B. Post, Mills Building, New York, 1881. Entrance Wrought Iron Portcullis. (Landau, Post)2020-08-27T10:30:25+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/gerald-r-larson/2020-08-26T20:36:47+00:00weekly0.6https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/08/26/5-15-the-influence-of-the-shillitos-store-on-george-post/https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/img_0704.jpgIMG_0704George B. Post, Cornelius Vanderbilt II residence, New York, 1879. (Landau, Post) https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/img_0703.jpgIMG_0703John B. Snook, William H. Vanderbilt twin residences, New York, 1879. Hunt’s house for W.K. Vanderbilt is immediately across the street. (Online)https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/img_0699.jpgIMG_0699George Post, the Post Building, New York, 1880. (Landau, Post)https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/img_0701.jpgIMG_0701Shillito’s; Bottom: Post’s Original Design for the Mills Building, sans Mansard Roof. (Author’s collection)https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/img_0700.jpgIMG_0700George B. Post, Preliminary Design for the Mills Building, New York, 1880. (Weisman, Rise of an American Architecture) https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/img_0708.jpgIMG_0708George Post, Smith Building, New York, 1879. (JSAH, October 1972)2020-08-26T20:07:21+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/08/24/5-10-richardson-returns-from-france/2020-08-24T09:42:17+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/08/22/5-8-h-h-richardson-and-the-layered-arcade/2020-08-22T10:23:38+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/08/21/5-7-george-post-adopts-the-multistoried-arcade/2020-08-21T18:29:12+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/08/20/5-4-hunt-and-the-new-york-tribune-building/2020-08-20T10:27:56+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/08/16/4-9-four-rational-concepts-for-an-elevation/2020-08-16T20:06:41+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/08/13/4-3-the-buildings-organization/2020-08-16T18:23:16+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/08/15/4-7-the-formal-design-of-an-elevation/2020-08-15T09:52:47+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/07/14/2-3-chicagos-first-skyscraper-the-kendall-building/https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/10-1.jpg10Richard Morris Hunt, New York Tribune Building as constructed, New York, 1873.https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/img_0017.jpgIMG_0017Richard Morris Hunt, Study for the New York Tribune Building, New York, 1873.https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/img_0015.jpgIMG_0015Post, Western Union Telegraph Building. Photograph of it under construction, showing the king post trusses that will frame the mansard roof.https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/img_7624.jpgIMG_7624George B. Post, Western Union Telegraph Building, New York, 1872. Top floor, operations room.https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/img_0016.jpgIMG_0016Reconstruction of House of Sallusti, Pompeii.https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/img_0013.jpgIMG_0013John M. Van Osdel, Pre-Fire Kendall Building, Chicago, 1871. Southwest corner of Dearborn and Washington.2020-08-14T23:17:42+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/07/23/chapter-3-the-nineteenth-century-skyscraper-firmness/https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/3b.jpg3bhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/3a.jpg3aJames Bogardus, Harper and Brothers Publishing Building, New York, 1854. (Above)View of interior of second floor, showing the iron structure. Cast iron columns support iron composite girders, that support wrought iron girders, from which spring brick jack arches. (Gayle, Borgardus) (Below) Cast iron girder with wrought iron tie rod used in the Harper's Building. Note the use of brick floor arches. (Bogardus, Cast-Iron Buildings)https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/2-10.jpg2George Post, Submission for the Equitable Competition, 1867. (Landau, George Post) https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/1-9.jpg1Post, Equitable Building. Interior iron structure exposed after a fire on January 9, 1912. The cast iron column is in the center bottom. Wrought iron girders frame into both sides of the column. Above the cast iron columns stands the built-up wrought iron column that supports the walls lining the lightcourt. (Landau, Rise of New York Skyscraper) 2020-08-14T23:17:03+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/08/12/chapter-4-the-nineteenth-century-skyscraper-delight/https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/p8290926-2.jpgOLYMPUS DIGITAL CAMERACharles Garnier, Paris Opera House, 1861-75. (Author's collection)2020-08-14T20:48:07+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/08/08/3-26-the-evolution-of-exterior-skeleton-framing/2020-08-14T16:14:47+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/08/10/3-28-loring-expands-chicago-terra-cotta-to-boston-boston-terra-cotta/https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/img_0433.jpgIMG_0433Sturgis and Brigham, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, 1870-76. (JSAH, May 1873.) https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/img_0430.jpgIMG_0430Sturgis and Brigham, Museum of Fine Arts. Terra cotta tiles manufactured by John Blashfield. (Boston Museum of Fine Arts)2020-08-11T23:59:28+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/08/11/3-29-george-post-once-again-pioneers-in-new-technology-ornamental-terra-cotta/https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/img_0431.jpgIMG_0431George B. Post, H.M. Braehm Residence, New York, 1877. (Landau, Post) https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/img_0432.jpgIMG_0432George B. Post, Long Island Historical Society Building, Brooklyn Heights, 1878. (Landau, George B. Post)2020-08-11T09:26:20+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/07/13/chapter-2-the-nineteenth-century-skyscraper-commodity/2020-08-08T18:51:23+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/08/07/3-25-the-foundation-problem/2020-08-07T10:48:19+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/08/06/3-22-the-weight-of-the-wall-the-final-frontier/2020-08-06T09:02:52+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/08/04/3-19-showdown-the-boston-society-of-architects-fire-tests-the-two-systems/2020-08-04T23:52:49+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/08/04/3-18-atkinson-vs-wight-heavy-timber-vs-fireproofed-iron-construction/https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/img_0383.jpgIMG_0383Boston Manufacturer's Mutual Fire Insurance Co., 1879. (Top) Recommended construction for heavy timber roof. (Bottom) Potential design resulting from the company's recommendations. (American Architect, August 9, 1879) https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/img_0380.jpgIMG_0380Boston Manufacturing Mutual Fire Insurance Co., 1879. Design of a mill using "slow-burning" principles. (American Architect, October 25, 1879)https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/img_0387.jpgIMG_0387George H. Young, Building for the Whiting Estate, Boston, 1880. The influence of Atkinson's crusade for the adoption of heavy timber framing in commercial buildings is evident. (American Architect, October 1, 1881)https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/img_0382.jpgIMG_0382H.H. Richardson, Robert Gould Shaw Memorial, 1881. Bronze relief panel by Augustus Saint-Gaudens. (Online)2020-08-04T18:24:14+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/08/03/3-16-wight-and-loring-continue-to-market-nationwide/2020-08-04T10:22:03+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/07/31/3-13-the-milwaukee-chamber-of-commerce-building/https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/img_0337.jpgIMG_0337Sanford E. Loring, Terra Cotta TIle Fireproofing, Chicago, 1874-79. This was similar to the tiles Wight used to protect the iron trusses in the MIlwaukee Chamber of Commerce. (Building, December 17, 1887)https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/img_0345.jpgIMG_0345Peter B. Wight, Fireproofed Iron Columns for Milwaukee Chamber of Commerce Building, Milwaukee, 1879. (Left) A system similar to that used with four-sided Phoenix columns. (Brickbuilder, August 1897) (Right) The system used in the Milwaukee Chaber of Commerce. (American Architect, July 6, 1878) https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/img_0336.jpgIMG_0336E. Townsend Mix, Milwaukee Chamber of Commerce Building, Plan. (American Architect, Jan. 1, 1881)https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/img_0341.jpgIMG_0341E. Townsend Mix with Peter B. Wight, Milwaukee Chamber of Commerce Building (the Mackey Building), Milwaukee, southwest corner of E. Michigan and N. Broadway Streets, 1879. Immediately to its right is the earlier Mitchell Building. (Web)2020-08-03T13:33:47+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/08/01/3-14-wight-and-loring-expand-into-the-east/https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/img_0367.jpgIMG_0367Alfred H. Thorp, Oriet Mutual Insurance Building, New York, 1877. (American Architect, March 2, 1878) https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/img_0369.jpgIMG_0369George Post, Williamsburgh Savings Bank, Brooklyn, 1870-5. (Online)https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/img_0372.jpgIMG_0372French Segmental Flat-Arch Tile Floor Systems Exhibited at the 1867 Paris World’s Fair. (Wermiel, Beckwith)https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/img_0375.jpgIMG_0375Fire-Proof Building Company, 1874 Advertisement Showing the Variety of Products Produced. (Wermiel, Beckwith)https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/img_0366.jpgIMG_0366George Post, Williamsburgh Savings Bank, Brooklyn, 1870-5. Dome stenciling by Peter B. Wight. (Online photograph by Mitch Waxman)2020-08-01T20:59:18+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/06/25/6-9-the-parisian-arcade-the-emery-arcade/2020-07-30T23:07:26+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/06/11/5-5-the-1000-high-iron-tower/https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/screen-shot-2020-06-05-at-3.56.15-pm-1.pngScreen Shot 2020-06-05 at 3.56.15 PMClark and Reeves, Phoenix Columns Patented in 1862.https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/img_9240.jpgIMG_9240David Reeves, Elevator design for the 1000 Feet Tower.https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/img_9235.jpgIMG_9235David Reeves, Proposed 1000’ Iron Tower for the 1876 World's Fair, Philadelphia, 1874.2020-07-30T20:11:46+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/07/27/3-7-the-first-terra-cotta-fireproofed-building-milwaukees-mitchell-building/2020-07-30T16:40:38+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/07/28/3-10-dry-rot-hits-chicagos-post-fire-construction/https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/img_0306.jpgIMG_0306John M. Van Osdel, Farwell Block, Chicago, northern half block bounded by Market, Monroe, and Franklin, 1872. (The Land Owner, May 1872)https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/img_0305.jpgIMG_0305Field and Leiter Wholesale Store, Chicago, northeast corner of Madison and Market, 1872. (The Land Owner, February 1872)2020-07-30T12:26:40+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/05/26/chapter-4-the-1873-panic-and-the-1874-fire/https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/img_9118.jpgIMG_9118Area destroyed by the 1871 Fire.https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/img_9115.jpgIMG_9115Bread Riot in front of the Chicago Relief and Aid Society Building, La Salle and Randolph, 1873.https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/img_9114.jpgIMG_91141870 Map of the Proposed Northern Pacific Railroad.https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/img_7904.jpgIMG_7904Extent of 1874 Fire. Some forty-seven acres was destroyed bounded by Van Buren, Michigan, Polk, and Clark (fig. 14.2) that contained some 800 buildings.2020-07-26T23:15:19+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/05/20/3-7-peter-b-wight-moves-to-chicago/https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/2-1.jpeg2https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/1-4.jpg1Ruins of U.S. Post Office/Customs House showing some, but not all, of the fire shutters were closed over the windows.2020-07-26T20:10:56+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/07/25/3-5-peter-wights-first-fireproofed-columns-the-chicago-club/https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/img_0287.jpgIMG_02878 Sanford E. Loring, Porous Terra Cotta Encased Iron Girders, similar to those used in the Mitchell Building, (Building, December 17, 1887)https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/img_0286.jpgIMG_0286Sanford E. Loring, Porous Terra Cotta Encased Iron Beams, similar to those used in the Mictchell Building, Milwaukee, 1875. (Amercan Architect, June 29, 1878) https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/img_0285.jpgIMG_0285E. Townsend Mix with Peter B. Wight, Mitchell Building, Milwaukee, southeast corner of E. Michigan and N. Water Streets, 1875. (Web) 2020-07-26T14:38:43+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/07/18/2-12-the-atrium-the-equitable-western-union-and-new-york-tribune-buildings/https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/img_4879.jpgIMG_48792020-07-26T13:55:45+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/07/24/3-3-the-boston-fire-of-november-8-1872-and-equitables-second-new-building/https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/5-8.jpg5Leonard H. Beckwith, Hollow Floor Tiles used in the New York Tribune Building, New York, 1873. (Brickbuilder, April 1897)https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/4-10.jpg4New York Building Code, 1892. Typical bearing wall required minimum thickness. (Landau and Condit, New York Skyscraper)https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/3-10.jpg3https://thearchitectureprofessor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/2-11.jpg2(Top) Roman “Insula” (apartment building, Ostia, 2nd century, AD. (Online); (Below) Insula dell’ Ara Coeli, Rome, 2nd Century, AD. (Online)2020-07-24T20:37:03+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/07/06/1-8-adler-hires-louis-sullivan-the-interior-ornamentalist/2020-07-19T14:49:26+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.com/2020/07/14/2-6-the-skyscrapers-vitruvian-objectives-commodity-firmness-and-delight/2020-07-14T17:05:25+00:00monthlyhttps://thearchitectureprofessor.comdaily1.02023-03-25T21:49:53+00:00